6 Langkah Problem Solving

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Corry Vanzhena Corry Vanzhena
MicrolearningPengembangan KarirTraining Perusahaan
15/02/2023

Dalam dunia kerja, kita kerap kali berhadapan dengan yang namanya masalah. Sayangnya, proses pemecahan masalah di dunia kerja tak jarang menimbulkan konflik antar sesama stakeholder. Namun tak perlu khawatir, Anda dapat mengatasinya dengan pendekatan problem solving.

Metode ini bisa dilakukan agar proses pencarian solusi dapat berjalan dengan lebih mudah dan efisien. Harapannya, melalui pendekatan ini, seorang manajer atau project leader dapat memecahkan masalah untuk klien dan anggota timnya. Selain itu, anggota tim atau individu dapat memecahkan masalah untuk diri mereka atau rekan kerja yang lain.

Ini menjadi salah satu soft skill penting yang dibutuhkan seseorang, termasuk karyawan di perusahaan. Khususnya bagi seorang pemimpin dan manajer di hampir setiap profesi, kemampuan ini sangat berguna ketika seseorang harus mengambil keputusan saat dihadapkan pada berbagai situasi dan masalah yang sulit dan tidak berguna di tempat kerja.

Apa yang Dimaksud Problem Solving?

Pemecahan masalah atau problem solving adalah sebuah soft skill mengenai proses untuk memahami tantangan dalam bekerja untuk menemukan solusi yang efektif.

Tujuan problem solving adalah menemukan solusi yang tepat dari sebuah permasalahan. Namun, ini iergantung pada jenis dan kompleksitas masalahnya, pemecahan masalah tersebut mungkin melibatkan penggunaan kemampuan yang menantang, seperti perhitungan khusus atau menguji keterampilan berpikir kritis seseorang.

Ketika pemimpin berbicara tentang problem solving, mereka biasanya sedang mencoba mengukur kemampuan dan keterampilan tim untuk menghadapi situasi sulit. Skill ini akan berguna ketika Anda harus menghadapi masalah bisnis yang rumit sehingga bisa menemukan solusi yang inovatif.

Proses Problem Solving

  • Definisikan Masalah

Mendefinisikan masalah bukan berarti hanya melihat pada gejala yang terlihat, tetapi juga menganalisis kunci masalah yang sebenarnya. Ada banyak hal yang jadi latar belakang dan pengaruh suatu masalah. Makanya dalam tahapan ini penting untuk melihat masalah dari berbagai perspektif.

Memahami bahwa hal itu harus segera diselesaikan jika masalah datang, meminimalisir bias yang mungkin akan muncul. Karena itu, seseorang harus mendukung informasi pendukung agar proses identifikasi masalah bisa berjalan lebih lancar. Untuk mendapatkan hal tersebut ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan di antaranya:

  • Bedakan opini dan fakta
  • Tentukan proses penyebab masalah itu ada
  • Menganalisis kebijakan dan prosedur perusahaan
  • Diskusikan dengan anggota tim yang terlibat untuk mengumpulkan lebih banyak informasi
  • Definisikan masalah dalam istilah tertentu
  • Kumpulkan semua informasi yang diperlukan untuk memecahkan masalah
  • Identifikasi Masalah

Identifikasi masalah dan informasi yang sudah dikumpulkan, proses pemecahan masalah ini sangat penting. Tujuannya agar membagi aspek-aspek penting untuk dipisahkan, selain itu agar tidak memunculkan elemen berbeda yang tercampur. Cara ini terbukti efektif karena menciptakan proses yang lebih terorganisir sehingga penemuan solusi menjadi lebih cepat.

Dalam melakukan hal ini diperlukan kreativitas dan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan logis, bisa dengan membandingkan alternatif kemudian mempertimbangkan berbagai kemungkinan yang ada. Tahapan ini juga disebut dengan mengembangkan alternatif solusi yang ada.

  • Tentukan Solusi Terbaik

Tujuan problem solving adalah menemukan solusi yang terbaik atas sebuah masalah, karena setelah memikirkan alternatif yang ada. Mencoba menentukan solusi mana yang paling tepat dengan mempertimbangkan solusi mana yang akan akan diterapkan dan tidak berpotensi menyebabkan masalah lainnya.

Dalam melalui tahap ini mungkin akan terasa lebih lama, karena memang menemukan beberapa solusi untuk masalah yang muncul menguras isi kepala. Perlu adanya melihat kedua sisi dari masing-masing solusi agar mendapatkan yang terbaik.

  • Lakukan Evaluasi

Melakukan evaluasi merupakan tahapan paling menentukan dari proses problem solving, dalam hal ini seseorang dituntut untuk menyusun strategi, membagikan ke anggota tim dan menindaklanjuti solusi yang telah diputuskan. Selain itu juga harus mengumpulkan masukan dari berbagai pihak yang terlibat, lalu melakukan evaluasi hasil jangka panjang dari penerapan solusi tersebut. Dapatkan feedback atau umpan balik untuk terus memperbaiki masalah yang bisa saja muncul setelahnya.

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